{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Sentencias"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Como alternativa solo tenemos el if"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "entre 2 y 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 3\n",
    "if a > 3:\n",
    "    print('mayor que 3')\n",
    "elif a<2:\n",
    "    print('menor que 2')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('entre 2 y 3')\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Para bucles tenemos el for, que itera sobre cualquier tipo que sea una secuencia"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(5):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "pepe\n",
      "3.14\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "(1, 2)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = ['pepe', 3.14, 1, 2, (1,2)]\n",
    "for i in a:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Ciertas funciones nos permiten hacer cosas interesantes sobre las listas, por ejemplo generar una lista de pares con las posiciones y valores de la secuencia (*enumerate*)  o fusionar listas para recorrerlas a la vez (*zip*)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 - pepe\n",
      "1 - 3.14\n",
      "2 - 1\n",
      "3 - 2\n",
      "4 - (1, 2)\n",
      "0 5 0\n",
      "1 6 2\n",
      "2 7 4\n",
      "3 8 6\n",
      "4 9 8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i,j in enumerate(a):\n",
    "    print (i,'-', j)\n",
    "print\n",
    "for i,j,k in zip(range(5), range(5,10), range(0,10,2)):\n",
    "    print (i,j,k)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Podemos recorrer cualquier estructura iterable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "2\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = {'pepe': 3, 'juan': 2, 'maria': 1}\n",
    "for i in a:\n",
    "    print (a[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Podemos usar funciones de los tipos para poder hacer los recorridos"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "2\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in a.keys():\n",
    "    print (a[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Y manipularlas para poder realizar el recorrido como queramos, por ejemplo los diccionarios no ordenan sus claves, pero podemos ordenarlas nosotros para hacer el recorrido"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n",
      "1\n",
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in sorted(a.keys()):\n",
    "    print (a[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Aparte del for tenemos tambien el while"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 0\n",
    "while a < 5:\n",
    "    a += 1\n",
    "    print (a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "El for tambien se puede usar para generar listas (en python se llama list comprehensions) y suele ser mas eficiente que usar directamente un bucle"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[4, 16, 36, 64]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [i**2 for i in range(2,10,2)]\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Podemos utilizar otras sentencias para modificar el resultado"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[4, 16, 36, 64]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [i**2 for i in range(2,10) if i % 2 == 0]\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "También las podemos anidar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [(i,j) for i in range(3) for j in range(3)]\n",
    "a"
   ]
  }
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